What are the two types of grounding systems used in electrical installations?

The two types of grounding systems used in electrical installations are system grounding and equipment grounding.

System grounding refers to connecting one point of the electrical system, usually the neutral of a transformer or generator, to the earth. This type of grounding is essential for maintaining stability in the electrical system and for ensuring that in the event of a fault, an adequate path is provided for fault currents, which helps to protect both the equipment and personnel from electrical shock.

Equipment grounding, on the other hand, involves connecting the non-current carrying metal parts of electrical equipment to the ground. This grounding is crucial for protecting individuals from electrical shock in case of insulation failure or if a fault occurs in the equipment. By grounding these metal parts, any fault current will flow to the ground instead of presenting a shock hazard.

Together, these two grounding types ensure safety and reliability in electrical installations, satisfying the requirements set forth in electrical codes and standards.